Not in English. Regime is a loanword from French. It literally means order in French but in other languages is used as a word which describes opressive governments - dictatorships.

Another outlook. 

Regime: how the exercise of the political power is organized. Democratic regime, dictatorship regime, monarchical regime...

Government: the political body that developes the power. A party, a dictator, a king...

The government is the <em>de jure </em>(legally recognized) authority that governs a country (or another political entity).

The regime is the <em>de facto </em>(actual) institution that governs a country (or another political entity). Generally, it is just whichever group of people is currently in control of government. In cases where the government is dysfunctional and ineffective, it might be applied to whichever non-government group has real control.

'Regime' is more often used in a negative sense, to suggest that the government has been hijacked by an illegitimate force. It can be used neutrally as well.

Hi Mimi,

One aspect of the distinction between the two words in English is that <em>regime </em>is used in a more temporary or short-lived sense than <em>government</em>, and this is part of how <em>regime </em>is used pejoratively (insultingly).

“The regime of So-and-So lasted three years before it was overthrown by Country X’s military.”

”The government of Country X built this dam fifty years ago in order to stop flooding and produce hydroelectricity.”

Thanks for your explained to me @adam