'Surprising' describes the subject of 'surprise' ie. it describes the thing doing the surprising.
'Surprised' describes the object of 'surprise'.
'Surprised' and 'surprising' are both adjectives, but they're derived from the passive and present continuous forms of 'surprised' respectively.
ex. 'Surprising' in 'I am surprising' could be considered either an adjective or the present continuous form of 'surprise'. Likewise, 'surprised' in 'I am surprising' could be considered either an adjective or the passive form of 'surprise'.
So if a person jumps out and scares me, then that person is surprising and I am surprised (ie. They surprised me). Inanimate objects or concepts can't be surprised because they can't have emotions, but if they make someone feel surprised then they're surprising.