everything you know can be called "事物", it is abstract. If you say "一件事物", it still make sense but sounds quite literary.
东西 refers to an object or a concept, 事情 refers to an event or an issue. Sometimes they can be exchanged, but I think the major difference is that 事情 can happen, while 东西 cannot.
eg.
-我没见过这个东西。I haven't seen it before. ("it" can be a cup, a toy, anything)
-我没见过这种事情。I have never seen things happened like this.
事情can also mean "task, something you need to handle with"
-我这星期事情很多。I have many things to do this week.
In addition, here are two special uses of 东西 and 事情
1. 东西can be used to insult a person.
-"这个人不是个东西。" it means this person is bad, he/she has done something immoral.
-"你是个什么东西?" means "What the hell are you?" Basically it suggests "you" are nothing.
2. "这不是个事儿." It has two possible meaning. One means this isn't a big deal. The other is that things shouldn't be like this, and people need to take action to change the condition.
心情 is very different from the other three, it means one's mood.
-我今天心情很好。I'm in good mood today.
-我没心情开玩笑。I am in no mood for joking.