1.Correct.
2. Both are correct.
3. The first is commonly said in spoken Korean, the second is a bit descriptive(slightly formal).
4. Hmm, we usually say 우리 엄마는 아빠랑 나이가 같아요, or 우리 엄마 나이는 아빠 나이랑 같아요.
5. 우리 엄마하고 아빠는 나이가 같아요.
6. Sorry, I don't understand what "For us, the age is the same" means.
7. 이거랑 이거랑 같아요? and 이거랑 이거는 같아요? are correct and are commonly said in spoken Korean. It's just one's preference, I say whichever one I prefer at the moment I speak.