HI I am native Polish speaker and to be honest I am not able to explain "ma" properly (what an irony;-)). So I give you some examples:
"Nie ma" and "ma" - generally relate to possession, presence, availability etc. Its short form is being used in common/informal speach
"Czy on ma dom?" - Has he got a house
"Tak" or "Ma" - yes or he's got
Jest Tomek w domu? - Is Tom home?
"Nie" or "nie ma" - no or he is not
Są ziemniaki? - Have You got potatoes? -You ask in shop
"Nie" or "Nie ma" or "Nie mamay" or "Nie, nie mamy" - first two means "no", "theri's no". Last two means "We dont have any" , "No, we dont have any"; More formal answer is: , "Niestety, nie mamy. - "Unfortunatelly, we dont have any"
I hope it will help you. If you have any questions or want more examples let me know.
thx