There are many phrases that can be used for stopping.
Pulling up is typically only used for cars and other vehicles, and other terms related to these are pulling in, pulling out, and pulling over.
Pull in, to drive away from the centre of the road towards a desination: kerb, garage, car park
Pull over, to drive away from the centre of the road, possibly to do so and then stop.
Pull out, to drive toward the centre of the road, or to start to drive from a parking position onto the road, or to drive from a side-road onto the main road (etc)
I'm also not sure of the origin, but it should have something to do with forces (maybe originating from horses) but to pull always means that a force has been exerted onto it:
(of an animal or vehicle) be attached to the front and be the source of forward movement of (a vehicle).
"the carriage was pulled by four horses"
(of an engine) exert propulsive force; deliver power.
"the engine warmed up quickly and pulled well"
If you go back to the original word of pull, it comes from Old English: PULLIAN ‘pluck, snatch’; origin uncertain; the sense has developed from expressing a short sharp action to one of sustained force.
So if you're forcing a car or horse to do something, you're essentially 'pulling' it into another direction.
hope this helps! :)