Your translation in your examples are correct in interpreting the meaning of 骄傲. Like in English, the negative meaning "pride" is "haughty", "arrogant" etc. For example. 你/我太骄傲了 then the negative meaning is inferred. So it just depends on the situation.
If the subject referred to is country, then it is positive. For all others, it is considered as negative. Even in your second case of praising one's family members... No native Chinese would express that. The language is influenced by western cultures and you tend to translate as such.
For example, "husband" 老公 (old man) and "wife", "老婆" (old lady). In English they are used as terms of endearment. In Chinese, they are self-deprecating terms so as not to cause hubris. "My beautiful children/wife" is never used in traditional Chinese form of expressions. Most probably they use 犬子 (pups). Even if your child is a great doctor, the polite form to address is 我兒是个小医生 My son is a "small" doctor. You don't want to cause envy to the listener or to make the listener thinks you are bragging. Chinese are very careful about causing such misunderstandings to have afertile ground to sow enmity. Educated Chinese are humble in their expressions.