Everyone who learns Russian is faced with the concept of gender. It is very important in Russian and if you want to have good grammar in your speaking or writing you should know which gender the word belongs to.

 

There are three genders in Russian: masculine, feminine, and neuter. By the well-known rule nouns which end in -а, or -я are feminineNouns ending in -ĐŸ, -ё, or -Đ” are neuter, and the rest of the nouns are masculine. But each rule has an exception...

 

At first sight it may seem that these nouns are feminine but these words are neuter.

 

Ten neuter nouns ending in -ĐŒŃ:

 

  • ĐČŃ€Đ”ĐŒŃ - time

  • Đ±Ń€Đ”ĐŒŃ - burden

  • ĐžĐŒŃ - name

  • ĐČŃ‹ĐŒŃ - udder

  • Đ·ĐœĐ°ĐŒŃ - banner

  • ĐżĐ»Đ°ĐŒŃ - flame

  • ĐżĐ»Đ”ĐŒŃ - tribe

  • ŃĐ”ĐŒŃ - seed

  • ŃŃ‚Ń€Đ”ĐŒŃ - stirrup

  • Ń‚Đ”ĐŒŃ – sinciput

 

The nouns “Юотя” (child), “таĐșсО” (taxi) are also neuter.

 

The noun “ĐšĐŸŃ„Đ”” (coffee) is masculine but nowadays it is also used as neuter.  Đ§Ń‘Ń€ĐœŃ‹Đč ĐșĐŸŃ„Đ” (black coffee), ĐœĐŸĐ»ĐŸŃ‡ĐœĐŸĐ” ĐșĐŸŃ„Đ” (milk coffee).

 

The gender of nouns ending in sizzling consonants ж, ч, ш, щ

 

When nouns end with a sizzling consonant and there is no ŃŒ after the consonant it is masculine.

 

15 masculine nouns with sizzling consonant:

 

  • ĐŒĐ°Đ»Ń‹Ńˆ - baby, kid

  • багаж  - luggage

  • ёж - hedgehog

  • плащ – cloak, raincoat

  • ĐœĐŸĐ¶ – knife

  • Đșлюч - key

  • ĐșĐ°Ń€Đ°ĐœĐŽĐ°Ńˆ - pencil

  • ĐŒŃŃ‡ - ball

  • ĐżĐ»ŃĐ¶ - beach

  • Ń‚ĐŸĐČарощ – companion

  • Ўуш – shower

  • эĐșОпаж - crew

  • плач - cry

  • ĐČрач - doctor

  • ŃĐŒĐ”Ń€Ń‡ -  tornado

 

When the noun ends with a sizzling consonant and there is ŃŒ after the consonant it is feminine.

 

15 feminine nouns with sizzling consonant:

 

  • ĐŽĐŸŃ‡ŃŒ - daughter
  • ĐŒĐ”Đ»ĐŸŃ‡ŃŒ – trifle, small change
  • ĐŽŃ€ĐŸĐ¶ŃŒ – shiver
  • Đ±Ń€ĐŸŃˆŃŒ – brooch
  • ĐŒĐŸŃ‰ŃŒ - power
  • ĐœĐŸŃ‡ŃŒ – night
  • ĐŒŃ‹ŃˆŃŒ – mouse
  • тошь – silence
  • Đ»ĐŸĐ¶ŃŒ – false, lie
  • ĐČĐ”Ń‰ŃŒ – thing
  • ĐżĐŸĐŒĐŸŃ‰ŃŒ - help
  • Ń€Đ”Ń‡ŃŒ - speech
  • ĐłĐ»ŃƒŃˆŃŒ - back country
  • ĐłĐŸŃ€Đ”Ń‡ŃŒ - bitterness
  • Ń€ĐŸŃĐșĐŸŃˆŃŒ - luxury

 

If you don’t know the orthography of these nouns and you don’t know there is ŃŒ in the end or not you can decline the word. In genitive case, masculine nouns have ending –а, and feminine nouns have ending –Đž.

 

Examples:

 

  • ĐŒĐ°Đ»Ń‹Ńˆ – ĐŒĐ°Đ»Ń‹ŃˆĐ°
  • Đșлюч – Đșлюча
  • Đ±ĐŸĐłĐ°Đ¶ – Đ±ĐŸĐłĐ°Đ¶Đ°
  • ĐœĐŸĐ¶ – ĐœĐŸĐ¶Đ°

 

But:

 

  • ĐŒĐ”Đ»ĐŸŃ‡ŃŒ – ĐŒĐ”Đ»ĐŸŃ‡Đž
  • Đ»ĐŸĐ¶ŃŒ – лжО
  • ĐŒĐŸŃ‰ŃŒ – ĐŒĐŸŃ‰Đž
  • ĐČĐ”Ń‰ŃŒ – ĐČДщО

 

Not every noun in Russian ends with a sizzling consonant. There are many words which have ŃŒ in the end but it can be as feminine or masculine. Let’s look at this topic in more detail.

 

Gendered Words with ending -ь

 

The names of the months are masculine:

 

  • ĐŻĐœĐČарь - January
  • ЀДĐČŃ€Đ°Đ»ŃŒ - February
  • ĐĐżŃ€Đ”Đ»ŃŒ - April
  • Đ˜ŃŽĐœŃŒ - June
  • Đ˜ŃŽĐ»ŃŒ - July
  • ĐĄĐ”ĐœŃ‚ŃĐ±Ń€ŃŒ - September
  • ОĐșŃ‚ŃĐ±Ń€ŃŒ - October
  • ĐĐŸŃĐ±Ń€ŃŒ - November
  • ДДĐșĐ°Đ±Ń€ŃŒ - December

 

 

The nouns which ends with –арь are masculine.

  • ŃĐ»ĐŸĐČарь - dictionary

  • ĐșĐ°Đ»Đ”ĐœĐŽĐ°Ń€ŃŒ - calendar

  • аптДĐșарь - apothecary

  • Đ±ĐžĐ±Đ»ĐžĐŸŃ‚Đ”Đșарь - librarian

  • Đ±ŃƒĐœŃ‚Đ°Ń€ŃŒ - rebel

  • ĐČратарь - goalkeeper

  • ĐŽĐžĐșарь - savage

  • Đ·ĐœĐ°Ń…Đ°Ń€ŃŒ - witch doctor

  • лДĐșарь - healer

  • глаĐČарь - ringleader

 

The nouns which ends with -Ń‚Đ”Đ»ŃŒ are masculine.

 

  • ŃƒŃ‡ĐžŃ‚Đ”Đ»ŃŒ -  teacher

  • праĐČĐžŃ‚Đ”Đ»ŃŒ - ruler

  • ĐłŃ€Đ°Đ±ĐžŃ‚Đ”Đ»ŃŒ - robber

  • ŃŃ‚Ń€ĐŸĐžŃ‚Đ”Đ»ŃŒ - builder

  • Đ·Đ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃ‚ĐžŃ‚Đ”Đ»ŃŒ - deputy

  • ОсĐșĐ°Ń‚Đ”Đ»ŃŒ - seeker

  • ĐŒĐ”Ń‡Ń‚Đ°Ń‚Đ”Đ»ŃŒ - dreamer

  • ĐœĐ°ĐŽĐ·ĐžŃ€Đ°Ń‚Đ”Đ»ŃŒ - overseer

  • ĐžĐ·ĐŸĐ±Ń€Đ”Ń‚Đ°Ń‚Đ”Đ»ŃŒ - inventor

  • ĐżŃ€Đ”ĐŽĐ°Ń‚Đ”Đ»ŃŒ - traitor

 

The nouns which ends with –ĐŸŃŃ‚ŃŒ are feminine.

 

  • Ń…ĐžŃ‚Ń€ĐŸŃŃ‚ŃŒ - cunning

  • ŃŃĐœĐŸŃŃ‚ŃŒ - clarity

  • ярĐșĐŸŃŃ‚ŃŒ - brightness

  • ŃŃ€ĐŸŃŃ‚ŃŒ - rage

  • ŃĐŒĐ”Đ»ĐŸŃŃ‚ŃŒ - courage

  • ĐłĐ»ŃƒĐżĐŸŃŃ‚ŃŒ - foolishness

  • Đ¶Đ°Đ»ĐŸŃŃ‚ŃŒ - pity

  • Ń‡Đ”ŃŃ‚ĐœĐŸŃŃ‚ŃŒ - honesty

  • Ń…Ń€Đ°Đ±Ń€ĐŸŃŃ‚ŃŒ - bravery

  • Ń‰Đ”ĐŽŃ€ĐŸŃŃ‚ŃŒ - generosity

 

The nouns which ends with -Đ±ŃŒ, -ĐČь, -Юь, -Đ·ŃŒ, -сь, -ть are feminine.

 

  • Đ»ŃŽĐ±ĐŸĐČь - love
  • страсть - passion
  • ĐŒĐ°Ń‚ŃŒ -  mother
  • Ń‡Đ”ŃŃ‚ŃŒ - honor
  • часть - part
  • ĐșŃ€ĐŸĐČать - bed
  • Đ»ĐŸŃˆĐ°ĐŽŃŒ - horse
  • ĐŒĐ”ŃŃ‚ŃŒ - revenge
  • ĐŽĐČĐ”Ń€ŃŒ - door
  • ĐșŃ€ĐŸĐČь - blood
  • ĐżĐ°ĐŒŃŃ‚ŃŒ - memory
  • ŃĐŸĐČĐ”ŃŃ‚ŃŒ - conscience
  • заĐČость -  envy
  • Đ¶ĐžĐ·ĐœŃŒ - life
  • ŃĐŒĐ”Ń€Ń‚ŃŒ - death

 

Exceptions:

 

  • ĐłĐŸĐ»ŃƒĐ±ŃŒ - dove

  • Đ»Đ”Đ±Đ”ĐŽŃŒ - swan

  • ĐŽĐŸĐ¶ĐŽŃŒ - rain

  • ĐŒĐ”ĐŽĐČĐ”ĐŽŃŒ -  bear

  • ĐłĐČĐŸĐ·ĐŽŃŒ - hobnail

 

These nouns are masculine

 

The nouns which ends with -Đ»ŃŒ, -ĐœŃŒ, -рь can be both  masculine and feminine.

 

10 masculine nouns with ь in the end:

 

  • ĐșĐŸĐœŃŒ - horse
  • ĐŸĐ»Đ”ĐœŃŒ - deer
  • Ń‚ŃŽĐ»Đ”ĐœŃŒ - sea calf
  • ŃˆĐ°ĐŒĐżŃƒĐœŃŒ - shampoo
  • Ń€ĐŸŃĐ»ŃŒ - piano
  • ŃŃ‚ĐžĐ»ŃŒ - style
  • Đ·ĐČĐ”Ń€ŃŒ - beast
  • ĐŒĐŸĐœĐ°ŃŃ‚Ń‹Ń€ŃŒ - monastery
  • ĐżĐ»Đ°ŃŃ‚Ń‹Ń€ŃŒ – plaster'
  • ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃŒ - day

 

10 feminine nouns with ь in the end:

 

  • ŃĐŸĐ»ŃŒ - salt
  • Đ±ĐŸĐ»ŃŒ - pain
  • Ń€ĐŸĐ»ŃŒ -  role
  • ŃŃ‚Đ°Đ»ŃŒ - steel
  • ĐČŃƒĐ°Đ»ŃŒ - veil
  • ŃˆĐ°Đ»ŃŒ - shawl
  • ĐżĐ”Ń‡Đ°Đ»ŃŒ - sadness
  • ĐŒĐŸŃ€Đ°Đ»ŃŒ - morality
  • Ń‚Đ”ĐœŃŒ - shadow
  • Đ»Đ”ĐœŃŒ - laziness

 

ОбщОĐč Ń€ĐŸĐŽ (Neuter)

 

Some nouns with the endings -а (-я) refer to the masculine gender, if they denote men, or feminine, if they designate women. These are nouns of common gender.

 

10 nouns of common gender:

 

  • плаĐșса - crybaby
  • ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐŸŃ‚Ń€ĐŸĐłĐ° - noli
  • Ń€Đ°Đ±ĐŸŃ‚ŃĐłĐ° - hard worker
  • Ń‚ĐžŃ…ĐŸĐœŃ - demure persona
  • ŃŃ‚Đ°Ń€ĐŸŃŃ‚Đ° - praepostor
  • ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐŸŃ‚Ń‘ĐżĐ° - clumsy person
  • ŃƒĐŒĐœĐžŃ†Đ° – clever person
  • ŃĐŸĐœŃ - dormouse
  • ĐŸĐ±Đ¶ĐŸŃ€Đ° - glutton
  • ĐŒĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐŽŃ‡ĐžĐœĐ° - whiz

 

I think it will help you to learn the genders of Russian but if you want to know more about it click on this link.

 

I hope the difficulties of learning Russian will not stop you and you can feel all the beauty and richness of this language.

 

Good luck to you.

 

Hero Image by Dmitry Ratushny on Unsplash