Everyone who learns Russian is faced with the concept of gender. It is very important in Russian and if you want to have good grammar in your speaking or writing you should know which gender the word belongs to.
There are three genders in Russian: masculine, feminine, and neuter. By the well-known rule nouns which end in -а, or -Ń are feminine. Nouns ending in -ĐŸ, -Ń, or -Đ” are neuter, and the rest of the nouns are masculine. But each rule has an exception...
At first sight it may seem that these nouns are feminine but these words are neuter.
Ten neuter nouns ending in -ĐŒŃ:
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ĐČŃĐ”ĐŒŃ - time
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бŃĐ”ĐŒŃ - burden
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ĐžĐŒŃ - name
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ĐČŃĐŒŃ - udder
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Đ·ĐœĐ°ĐŒŃ - banner
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ĐżĐ»Đ°ĐŒŃ - flame
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ĐżĐ»Đ”ĐŒŃ - tribe
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ŃĐ”ĐŒŃ - seed
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ŃŃŃĐ”ĐŒŃ - stirrup
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ŃĐ”ĐŒŃ – sinciput
The nouns “ĐŽĐžŃŃ” (child), “ŃаĐșŃĐž” (taxi) are also neuter.
The noun “ĐĐŸŃĐ”” (coffee) is masculine but nowadays it is also used as neuter. ЧŃŃĐœŃĐč ĐșĐŸŃĐ” (black coffee), ĐĐŸĐ»ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐ” ĐșĐŸŃĐ” (milk coffee).
The gender of nouns ending in sizzling consonants ж, Ń, Ń, Ń
When nouns end with a sizzling consonant and there is no Ń after the consonant it is masculine.
15 masculine nouns with sizzling consonant:
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ĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃŃ - baby, kid
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багаж - luggage
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Ńж - hedgehog
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ĐżĐ»Đ°Ń – cloak, raincoat
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ĐœĐŸĐ¶ – knife
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ĐșĐ»ŃŃ - key
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ĐșаŃĐ°ĐœĐŽĐ°Ń - pencil
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ĐŒŃŃ - ball
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плŃж - beach
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ŃĐŸĐČаŃĐžŃ – companion
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ĐŽŃŃ – shower
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ŃĐșОпаж - crew
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ĐżĐ»Đ°Ń - cry
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ĐČŃĐ°Ń - doctor
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ŃĐŒĐ”ŃŃ - tornado
When the noun ends with a sizzling consonant and there is Ń after the consonant it is feminine.
15 feminine nouns with sizzling consonant:
- ĐŽĐŸŃŃ - daughter
- ĐŒĐ”Đ»ĐŸŃŃ – trifle, small change
- ĐŽŃĐŸĐ¶Ń – shiver
- бŃĐŸŃŃ – brooch
- ĐŒĐŸŃŃ - power
- ĐœĐŸŃŃ – night
- ĐŒŃŃŃ – mouse
- ŃĐžŃŃ – silence
- Đ»ĐŸĐ¶Ń – false, lie
- ĐČĐ”ŃŃ – thing
- ĐżĐŸĐŒĐŸŃŃ - help
- ŃĐ”ŃŃ - speech
- глŃŃŃ - back country
- ĐłĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃ - bitterness
- ŃĐŸŃĐșĐŸŃŃ - luxury
If you don’t know the orthography of these nouns and you don’t know there is Ń in the end or not you can decline the word. In genitive case, masculine nouns have ending –а, and feminine nouns have ending –Đž.
Examples:
- ĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃŃ – ĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃŃа
- ĐșĐ»ŃŃ – ĐșĐ»ŃŃа
- Đ±ĐŸĐłĐ°Đ¶ – Đ±ĐŸĐłĐ°Đ¶Đ°
- ĐœĐŸĐ¶ – ĐœĐŸĐ¶Đ°
But:
- ĐŒĐ”Đ»ĐŸŃŃ – ĐŒĐ”Đ»ĐŸŃĐž
- Đ»ĐŸĐ¶Ń – лжО
- ĐŒĐŸŃŃ – ĐŒĐŸŃĐž
- ĐČĐ”ŃŃ – ĐČĐ”ŃĐž
Not every noun in Russian ends with a sizzling consonant. There are many words which have Ń in the end but it can be as feminine or masculine. Let’s look at this topic in more detail.
Gendered Words with ending -Ń
The names of the months are masculine:
- ĐŻĐœĐČаŃŃ - January
- ЀДĐČŃĐ°Đ»Ń - February
- ĐĐżŃĐ”Đ»Ń - April
- ĐŃĐœŃ - June
- ĐŃĐ»Ń - July
- ĐĄĐ”ĐœŃŃбŃŃ - September
- ĐĐșŃŃбŃŃ - October
- ĐĐŸŃбŃŃ - November
- ĐĐ”ĐșабŃŃ - December
The nouns which ends with –аŃŃ are masculine.
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ŃĐ»ĐŸĐČаŃŃ - dictionary
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ĐșĐ°Đ»Đ”ĐœĐŽĐ°ŃŃ - calendar
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апŃĐ”ĐșаŃŃ - apothecary
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Đ±ĐžĐ±Đ»ĐžĐŸŃĐ”ĐșаŃŃ - librarian
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бŃĐœŃаŃŃ - rebel
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ĐČŃаŃаŃŃ - goalkeeper
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ĐŽĐžĐșаŃŃ - savage
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Đ·ĐœĐ°Ń Đ°ŃŃ - witch doctor
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лДĐșаŃŃ - healer
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глаĐČаŃŃ - ringleader
The nouns which ends with -ŃĐ”Đ»Ń are masculine.
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ŃŃĐžŃĐ”Đ»Ń - teacher
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ĐżŃаĐČĐžŃĐ”Đ»Ń - ruler
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ĐłŃабОŃĐ”Đ»Ń - robber
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ŃŃŃĐŸĐžŃĐ”Đ»Ń - builder
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Đ·Đ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐžŃĐ”Đ»Ń - deputy
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ĐžŃĐșаŃĐ”Đ»Ń - seeker
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ĐŒĐ”ŃŃаŃĐ”Đ»Ń - dreamer
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ĐœĐ°ĐŽĐ·ĐžŃаŃĐ”Đ»Ń - overseer
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ĐžĐ·ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ”ŃаŃĐ”Đ»Ń - inventor
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ĐżŃДЎаŃĐ”Đ»Ń - traitor
The nouns which ends with –ĐŸŃŃŃ are feminine.
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Ń ĐžŃŃĐŸŃŃŃ - cunning
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ŃŃĐœĐŸŃŃŃ - clarity
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ŃŃĐșĐŸŃŃŃ - brightness
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ŃŃĐŸŃŃŃ - rage
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ŃĐŒĐ”Đ»ĐŸŃŃŃ - courage
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глŃĐżĐŸŃŃŃ - foolishness
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Đ¶Đ°Đ»ĐŸŃŃŃ - pity
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ŃĐ”ŃŃĐœĐŸŃŃŃ - honesty
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Ń ŃабŃĐŸŃŃŃ - bravery
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ŃДЎŃĐŸŃŃŃ - generosity
The nouns which ends with -бŃ, -ĐČŃ, -ĐŽŃ, -Đ·Ń, -ŃŃ, -ŃŃ are feminine.
- Đ»ŃĐ±ĐŸĐČŃ - love
- ŃŃŃаŃŃŃ - passion
- ĐŒĐ°ŃŃ - mother
- ŃĐ”ŃŃŃ - honor
- ŃаŃŃŃ - part
- ĐșŃĐŸĐČаŃŃ - bed
- Đ»ĐŸŃĐ°ĐŽŃ - horse
- ĐŒĐ”ŃŃŃ - revenge
- ĐŽĐČĐ”ŃŃ - door
- ĐșŃĐŸĐČŃ - blood
- ĐżĐ°ĐŒŃŃŃ - memory
- ŃĐŸĐČĐ”ŃŃŃ - conscience
- заĐČĐžŃŃŃ - envy
- Đ¶ĐžĐ·ĐœŃ - life
- ŃĐŒĐ”ŃŃŃ - death
Exceptions:
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ĐłĐŸĐ»ŃĐ±Ń - dove
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Đ»Đ”Đ±Đ”ĐŽŃ - swan
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ĐŽĐŸĐ¶ĐŽŃ - rain
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ĐŒĐ”ĐŽĐČĐ”ĐŽŃ - bear
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ĐłĐČĐŸĐ·ĐŽŃ - hobnail
These nouns are masculine
The nouns which ends with -Đ»Ń, -ĐœŃ, -ŃŃ can be both masculine and feminine.
10 masculine nouns with Ń in the end:
- ĐșĐŸĐœŃ - horse
- ĐŸĐ»Đ”ĐœŃ - deer
- ŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐœŃ - sea calf
- ŃĐ°ĐŒĐżŃĐœŃ - shampoo
- ŃĐŸŃĐ»Ń - piano
- ŃŃĐžĐ»Ń - style
- Đ·ĐČĐ”ŃŃ - beast
- ĐŒĐŸĐœĐ°ŃŃŃŃŃ - monastery
- плаŃŃŃŃŃ – plaster'
- ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃ - day
10 feminine nouns with Ń in the end:
- ŃĐŸĐ»Ń - salt
- Đ±ĐŸĐ»Ń - pain
- ŃĐŸĐ»Ń - role
- ŃŃĐ°Đ»Ń - steel
- ĐČŃĐ°Đ»Ń - veil
- ŃĐ°Đ»Ń - shawl
- пДŃĐ°Đ»Ń - sadness
- ĐŒĐŸŃĐ°Đ»Ń - morality
- ŃĐ”ĐœŃ - shadow
- Đ»Đ”ĐœŃ - laziness
ĐбŃĐžĐč ŃĐŸĐŽ (Neuter)
Some nouns with the endings -а (-Ń) refer to the masculine gender, if they denote men, or feminine, if they designate women. These are nouns of common gender.
10 nouns of common gender:
- плаĐșŃа - crybaby
- ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐŸŃŃĐŸĐłĐ° - noli
- ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃга - hard worker
- ŃĐžŃ ĐŸĐœŃ - demure persona
- ŃŃаŃĐŸŃŃа - praepostor
- ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐŸŃŃпа - clumsy person
- ŃĐŒĐœĐžŃа – clever person
- ŃĐŸĐœŃ - dormouse
- ĐŸĐ±Đ¶ĐŸŃа - glutton
- ĐŒĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐŽŃĐžĐœĐ° - whiz
I think it will help you to learn the genders of Russian but if you want to know more about it click on this link.
I hope the difficulties of learning Russian will not stop you and you can feel all the beauty and richness of this language.
Good luck to you.
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