Chapters from Books

Victor Hugo - Sefiller (Les Miserables)

Learn about the movement of the Earth and why it’s hot in summer and cold in winter. This presentation is for intermediate English learners. 

Download a free worksheet at https://lovelangwri.com/2022/05/17/the-seasons-intermediate/
And don't forget to leave your answer to the Question of the Day! *What is your favorite season and why?*

This article has been adapted from “The Seasons” in Astronomy, by Andrew Fraknoi, David Morrison, Sidney C. Wolff, published by OpenStax in 2016. Access it for free at: https://openstax.org/books/astronomy/pages/4-2-the-seasons

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

For the Love of Language and Writing

The Seasons | Intermediate English

Some animals have been known to use tools such as sticks, rocks and even bait to hunt for food. And humpback whales have been found using their own unique tool to hunt — bubbles.

A study published in Royal Society Open Science in August observed the hunting behaviors of more than 70 humpback whales in Stephens Passage in southeast Alaska, documenting how the whales blow bubbles to catch more prey.

Humpback whales hunt for krill — small, shrimp-like creatures that are around the same size as a paperclip, and which swim in swarms.

Whales can take in large amounts of krill in one mouthful. And to make this easier, humpback whales trap swarms of krill in "bubble nets" before feeding on them.

The whales create these "nets" by releasing air from their blowhole as they swim in circles below the surface of the water. The bubbles rise in a spiral pattern, which, from above the water's surface, looks more like artwork than a tool for hunting.

The rising bubbles create "curtains" of air around the krill that they are reluctant to swim through, although researchers aren't yet sure why this is. The whales then swim up through the "net" with an open mouth to eat the trapped krill.

The study data showed that as a whale swam in tighter circles and the "net" got smaller, the krill caught inside became, on average, more than seven times denser. This allowed the whales to catch more krill in a single mouthful.

A whale doesn't have to move very fast to create a net or eat trapped krill, allowing it to get more food without using any more energy.

While not many other animals create their own tools to catch prey like the humpback whale, there are examples of animals using other tools to hunt.

For example, chimpanzees have been observed using sticks to dig for bugs, while sea otters use rocks to open mussels. Certain species of heron have even been found to use food as bait to attract fish.

Practice Listening, Reading & Comprehension

Humpback Whales Use Bubbles to Hunt

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みなさんこんにちは、のぞみの日記チャンネルにようこそ。

今日は、私がいつも作っているカレーの作り方を皆さんに紹介します。

まず、スーパーで、玉ねぎ、にんじん、肉、カレーのルー、アルミホイルを買います。

玉ねぎは大きいのを3つ使います。にんじんは子供があまり好きではないので、1本半ぐらい使います。肉は牛肉か鶏のもも肉を８００グラムぐらい用意します。
節約したいけど、どうして牛肉がいいときは、牛のコマ切れ肉を使います。
お金があれば、牛のブロック肉を買います。
カレーのルーは、バーモンドカレーの中辛を選ぶことが多いです。
アルミホイルは玉ねぎを包むために用意します。
材料がすべてそろっていることを確認してから、調理に入ります。

いちばん最初にすることは、オーブンを220度に温めることです。
そして玉ねぎをアルミホイルで包みます。玉ねぎの皮はむかずに包みます。

温めておいたオーブンで約1時間玉ねぎを焼きます。

その間に、他の材料を用意します。肉は食べやすい大きさに切ります。
そして塩コショウをしておきます。にんじんは乱切りにします。

大きめの鍋に油を引（ひ）いて、肉に焦（こ）げ目がつくまで焼きます。
焦げ目がついてきたら、にんじんを入れて少し炒（いた）めます。
そして、鍋いっぱいに水を入れて沸騰させます。
沸騰すると、あくが出てきます。あくをとります。
15分ぐらい煮込んだら、玉ねぎがやけるまで、火を消して待ちます。

玉ねぎが焼けたら、オーブンから取り出します。
とても熱いので、気を付けてください。玉ねぎもすごく熱いです。
キッチンタオルなどを使いながら玉ねぎの皮をむきます。
皮がむけたら、食べやすい大きさに切って、鍋にすべて入れます。
そして10分ぐらい中火で煮込みます。次にルーを入れます。
ルーを入れるまえは、火を消します。
火を消して、ルーを入れて、かき混ぜながらルーを溶かします。
最後にもう一度、火をつけて弱火でコトコトと10分から15分ぐらい煮込みます。

あー、そうそう。ご飯を炊くのを忘れないでくださいね。
ご飯は、玉ねぎをオーブンに入れるタイミングで、一緒に炊（た）き始めるのがおすすめです。


「のぞみ」の日記

カレーの作り方

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アニメ「呪術廻戦(じゅじゅつかいせん)」についてしょうかいしました。
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