"Detachment" means that someone is not emotionally involved in the thing they are describing.
If I am describing ants on a sidewalk, I am detached about it because I'm not an ant and I don't care about ants. If I am describing people on a sidewalk, I probably am involved because I'm human and I care about humans. However, we can be detached when we are speaking about humans.
"Ironic" can mean a form of bitter humor in which you say the exact opposite of what you really mean. For example, you look at a hamburger and say "Well, this certainly is gourmet food."
In the case of sophisticated writer, it probably means that Byatt feels something a little different from what she is saying--and that we are able to understand what she really means.