In U.S. baseball, the professional teams people follow are the "major leagues" or the "big leagues," such as the Boston Red Sox. There are also minor leagues--for example, the same club runs the Pawtucket Red Sox. And then there are amateur leagues, and so forth.
"I'm out of my league" suggests someone is in fact a baseball player, but he's only a minor league player and he's playing in a major league game and thus isn't qualified to play at that level.
Figuratively, it could mean "I do know a little about this topic, but you are asking questions that only a real expert could answer;" or "I do this kind of job, but you're asking me to do a much more complex or difficult job than I know how to do."
It could also mean that a person works in a different area of a specialty. For example, you might ask a friend "You're a lawyer, tell me if I can copyright this." She might say "That's out of my league; that's a question about copyright law, and I'm an estate lawyer."
Other idioms with similar meanings: "I'm out of my depth here," or "That's above my pay grade."