This is best explained by examples ''what did you feel'' is talking about the past usually an objective experience. Like asking what someone felt when they reached for something they lost. ex: I dropped my keys behind the shelf and I reach for them, but can't see them. Someone will ask what did you feel if i'am just seraching for the keys with my hand. "How did you feel" Usually more subjective How someone felt about their test, performance, a job interview. Some kind of experience. "How does it feel" It's in the present/ recent past. Usually this is right after something happened. When I think of the phrase it's usually for some kind of medial treatment. Example: You just cut your arm and your friend is putting on a bandage, while asking "how does it feel?" This is usually used when someone gets hurt. When it's not someone getting hurt maybe they are asking what a sensation feels like. Example: you took an ice bath for the first time and get asked how does it feels? Ah sorry this is hard to explain. Hope this helps a bit.

The question "What did you feel?" is asking what was felt physically, by touch. Asking "How did you feel?" is asking what emotion someone felt, not physically, here is an example: Person A: How did you feel? Person B: I felt happy. and here is the other: Person A: What did you feel? Person B: I felt something soft and furry, like a puppy. I hope this makes sense! =)

My short answer: 1. What did you feel? See Maria's answer. 2. How did you feel? See Maria's answer. (past tense; in the past) 3. How does it feel? See Maria's answer. (present tense; right now) #2 and #3 are the same meaning except they are talking about different points in time (completed past and ongoing present)