To piggy back off of what Travis mentioned, rotation is often independent of another object whereas revolution is almost always "around something". So for example, the Earth rotates and reaches the same position every 24 hours, so it's in roughly the same position at 8 AM today as it is at 8 AM tomorrow morning. For revolution, it only makes sense if it is in relation to something else (in this case, the sun). So we would say that the earth revolves ** around the sun ** and reaches the same point every year.
Similar but slightly different meanings.
Hope this helps!