2-2
In short, the use of the past tense and the continius aspect is often used to carry a less strong, less 'dynamic' tone, so as to be more polite, graceful or accurate.
Another fact is the perfect aspect is often used to help indicate tense(time):
You should tell her vs You should have told her
If only Tome had studied harder {{ past perfect aspect for past tense }}, he would have got a better mark {{ present perfect for present tense }} .
( Note1: theoretically, there may be 6 tenses(time) in English, according to the way that modern English has taken:present, past, future, past future, past past, future past, future future. But English has choosen only 4. In fact, English has no proper marks for 'future' tenses, so that some grammarians argue that Enlish has only two tenses: present and past.)
( Note 2: Different languages adopt varied numbers of aspects: zero to four or five. )
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The above is my own 'theory', if any errors, please do not hesitate to speak up, so we can learn something from you.