"to blindside" = "to present a difficult. emotional or awkward situation without warning":
Ex.: "Mom broke down crying when I told her I had joined the Army. I think I blindsided her."
You can blindside someone else (e.g., the example above), or you can "be blindsided BY" someone or something else (another person or thing caused a sudden situation that was difficult):
Ex.: "Mrs. Jones was blindsided by her son's decision to join the army."
The appearance of "blindsided ... WITH" in your sentence is a matter of sentence structure.
The main sentence is: "I didn't mean to blindside you."
The phrase "with Peter" means one of two things:
1. "along with Peter"
That is, Peter was also responsible for blindsiding you. It could be understood this way:
"Hey, PETER AND I didn't mean to blindside you."
2. "with the situation caused by Peter's presence"
That is, bringing Peter along WAS the awkward or difficult situation (e.g., if a girl brought her friend's ex-boyfriend, Peter, to a party). It could be understood this way:
"Hey, I didn't mean to blindside you BY BRINGING PETER."