What a great question!
The words are used in different situations. They cannot all be used interchangeably. They all have different strengths, speeds, shapes, and directions. So when you change the word, it gives a different image. You could use all of them with water, mud, and grease.
I recommend looking up pictures so you could see the differences.
These are common words that go together so you could search for them:
Blood spattered.
Sprinkle water onto dough. Or, rain lightly sprinkled.
The water/mud splashed us. The whale splashed the audience.
Lemon juice squirted into my eye. Or, squirt gun.
Can of spray paint. Hair spray. Skunk spray (we say spray with animals.)
Grease splatter.
I know it's confusing, but I think pictures would help!