The formal rule I was taught in primary school is:
Adjectives and adverbs of two syllables or less recieve the -er, -est suffixes.
Adjectives and adverbs of three syllables or more recieve the more, most modifiers.
This rule is usually, but not always, observed in informal speech.
Also, there are a few irregular constructions, such as:
good, better, best
bad, worse, worst
tl;dr: narrowest