的:  定语的标志       定语+的+名词       美好的春天
地: 状语的标志      状语+地+动词       高兴地喊起来
得: 补语的标志     动/形+得+补语      跑得飞快

Eva Wang的channel ——汉语语法对比合集

汉语语法对比之“的” “地” ”得“

[conversation 1]


A : 리디아 씨, 오늘 학교에 가요?
B : 아니요, 안 가요.
A : 그럼 뭐 해요?
B :  운동해요. 그리고 영화를 봐요.


[converstaion 1]


A : Lydia, are you going to school?
B : No, I am not.
A : Then what are you doing?
B : Exercising. And watching a movie.

[conversation 2]


A : 미호 씨, 주스를 좋아해요?
B : 아니요, 안 좋아해요.
A : 커피를 좋아해요?
B : 네, 좋아해요. 커피가 맛있어요.

[conversation 2]


A : Miho, do you like juice?
B : No, I don't.
A : Do you like coffee?
B : Yes, coffee is tasty.


[Vocabulary]

운동하다 exercise 청소하다 clean 먹다 eat 배우다 learn 공부하다 study 만나다 meet
좋아하다 to be like 마시다 drink 입다 wear 가르치다 teach 사다 buy 빨래하다 laundry
맛있다 tasty 재미있다 interesting 안 NOT 그리고 and 아주  very

[Grammar points]

안 A/V
the negatin adverb '안' comes before a verb or an adjective and marks negation.


Reading Korea.

Daily Life

[conversation]

A : 진아 씨, 이분은 누구세요?
B : 우리 아버지세요.
A : 아버지는 무슨 일을 하세요?
B : 은행에서 일하세요.
A : 이 사람은 누구예요?
B : 제 동생이에요.
A : 동생은 뭘 해요?
B : 학생이에요.

A : Jina, who is this?
B : My father.
A : What does he do for a living?
B : He works at a bank.
A : Who is this?
B : My younger brother.
A : What does he do?
B : He is a student.


[vocabulary]

할아버지 grandfather 할머니 grandmother 아버지 father 어머니 mother
형 elder brother (from a male perspective) 누나 elder sister (from a male perspective)
오빠 elder brother (from a female perspective) 언니 elder sister (from a female perspective)
남동생  younger brother 여동생 younger sister 동생 younger brother or sister
가족 family
이분 this person (honorific) 저분 that person (honorific)

[grammar]

N의 N
When expressing possessive case, '의' is added to posessor, N.
Also note that '의' is often omitted.

N(이)세요
-(이)세요 is a combination of -이에요/예요 and -(으)시-, which shows respect towards the subject.
nouns ending with a vowel + -세요
nouns ending with a consonant + -이세요

무슨 N
무슨 is used when asking someone to choose and answer from a pool of options.



Family

[conversation 1]

A : 생선이 어디에 있어요?
B : 왼쪽으로 쭉 가세요. 생선은 고기 가게 옆에 있어요.
A : 주스는 어디에 있어요?
B : 앞으로 쭉 가세요. 술 옆에 있어요.

[conversation 1]

A : Where are the fish?
B : Go straight to the left. It is next to the meat store.
A : Where are the juice?
B : Go straight forward. They are next to the liquor section.


[conversation 2]

A : 이 근처에 백화점이 있어요?
B : 네, 있어요. 이쪽으로 쭉 가세요. 그럼 오른쪽에 있어요.
A : 얼마나 걸려요?
B : 10분쯤 걸려요.
A : 고맙습니다.

[conversation 2]

A : Is there a department store around here?
B : Yes, here is. Go straight this way. Then it is on the right.
A : How lon does it take?
B : It takes about 10 minutes.
A : Thank you.

[vocabulary]

위 above/on
아래 under/below
앞 front
뒤 behind
옆 beside/side
안 inside
밖 outside
오른쪽 right side
왼쪽 left side

[grammar point]

N이/가 N에 있다/없다
N이/가 있어요 means that N is located or exists,
while N이/가 없어요 means the opposite.
N에 is used with N이/가 있어요 to show where N is located.

Location and direction

[conversation 1]

A : 민수 씨, 내일 영화 볼까요?
B : 내일은 시간이 없어요.
A : 그럼 토요일은 어때요?
B : 좋아요.

[conversation 1]

A : Minsu, shall we see a movie tomorrow?
B : I don't have time tomorrow.
A : Then how about Saturday?
B : Sounds good.

[conversation 2]

A : 토요일에 영화 볼까요?
B : 토요일이 며칠이에요?
A : 5월 3일이에요.
B : 좋아요. 몇 시에 만날까요?
A : 2시에 학교 앞에서 만나요.
B : 좋아요.

[conversation 2]

A : Shall we see a movie on Saturday?
B : What date is this Saturday?
A : It is May 3.
B : Fine. What time shall we meet?
A : Let's meet at 2 in front of the school.
B : Alright.

[Grammar]

v-(으)ㄹ까요? is used for suggestions.
verb stems ending with a vowel + -ㄹ까요? 
verb stems ending with a consonant + -을까요?

As an answer to this pattern, v-아요/어요 can be used.
In this case, v-아요/어요 has the meaning Let's~


Make an appointment

[Conversation 1]

소라 : 앤디 씨, 월요일에 학교에 갔어요?
Sora : Andy, did you go to school on Monday?
앤디 : 아니요. 안 갔어요.
Andy : No. I didn't.
소라 : 왜 안 갔어요?
Sora : Whe didn't you go?
앤디 : 아팠어요.
Andy : I was sick.

[Conversation 2]

렌핑 : 완 씨, 어제 뭐 했어요?
Lenping : Wan, what did you do yesterday?
완 : 집에 있었어요.
Wan : I stayed at home.
렌핑 : 집에서 뭐 했어요?
Lenping : What did you do at home?
완 : 청소했어요. 그리고 요리도 했어요.
Wan : I cleaned my house, and I cooked, too.