No, these are quite different in use. You could say a corny joke, a cheesy smile, a tawdry secret and a naff pair of shoes, but you can't swap them around.
Corny means something is trite, overused and maybe melodramatic.
Cheesy indicates too much effort made, for an emotional response. It's fake: "say cheese!"
Tawdry means something showy, but tasteless and cheap. It also has a meaning of "embarassing".
Naff is rather British, and means it is out of style or clichéd.
I double checked with a couple of sources to be sure (even though I've used these words). I'd suggest even searching for each word in articles and blogs to see it in use, instead of relying on a translation.