There are certain verbs that go with "do" like doing homework, laundry, exercises (not exercise), chores, house work, the dishes, sports, shots (as in hard drinks like tequila)… These are phrases. "Did you do your back exercises today?", "Are you going to do the dishes?", "I do sports twice a week.", "We did shots last night and got drunk!", "I have to do my chores first."
You eat or have soup and jelly, you take (or have in British English) a shower.
When you use "did" with shower (as a verb), the way you used it, it's used for emphasis. For example, if someone said "you didn't take a shower" and you said "but I did shower".