I don’t know to what aspect of the language you are referring, but, simply put, the structure would refer to the units which make up the language, nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. and the way they are combined into sentences. Function would refer to the purpose of the sentences, what ideas are meant to be conveyed. The function of a sentence could be a statement, a command, a question or an exclamation.
I don’t know if that’s the answer you’re looking for but I hope it helps.