There is an equivalent to "se promener" in English: we often translate it with the phrase "go for a walk" (in British English) or "take a walk" (in American English). Like "se promener', this phrase implies that you're walking relatively slowly, for recreational purposes,: for pleasure or gentle exercise.
In the future, we might say "I'm going to go for a walk in the city centre"; in the past, we'd say "I went for a walk in the city centre" - or perhaps "round the city centre".