'Blinding' on its own does not mean to curse. As a verb in its own right, it means what you'd think it means - to blind someone is to cause them to lose their sight. However, there was at one time an exclamation/ mild profanity 'God blind me!' meaning 'May God make me blind'. Over time, this degenerated into the even less offensive 'Gor blimey' or simply 'Blimey!' which is what the exclamation sounds like in a traditional Cockney accent. This is still used by some people. 'Effing and blinding' as a fixed expression means swearing profusely, using both obscenities and blasphemy. The obscenity is 'effing' i.e. using the 'f' word, while the blasphemy is 'blinding' as in 'God blind me'/Gor blimey. I hope that answers your question.

'Effing and blinding' means swearing. You need the whole phrase. You can't use 'blinding' on its own to mean that. This phrase was a favourite of my grandmother. She might have said: "You should have heard them... the air was blue, effing and blinding and all sorts. Disgusting." Ah, my dear old grandmother. It's very informal language. You've pointed out yourself that it is a British expression. Although it's not something that I would use myself very often it's definitely part of our passive vocabulary. The meaning of the verb 'to blind' is related to the adjective, meaning to be unable to see. The man was blinded in the attack. The sun was so bright that it blinded him.

No "to blind" is not used with this meaning outside of this set phrase.