Yes, it's used in the United States, both in the form "not my cup of tea" and "not my dish of tea." It's not common, but it's not rare. It's fading, however.
I can find many examples by searching Google Books. For example, in a 2012 memoir by a survivor of 9/11, the writer tells about his career just before the attack: "I don't get jazzed about all the little details that make a top salesman--bringing doughnuts, remembering birthdays, sending out Christmas cards. I respect these professional traits in others. It's just not my cup of tea."
"Dish of tea" is interesting because I used the phrase for years without ever thinking about it. When I did think about it, it seemed to make no sense because nowadays a "dish" is something very shallow. However, apparently, centuries ago, the primary meaning of "dish" was "a container without a handle," and it meant the delicate tiny handle-less teacups in which tea was sometimes served.
Another expression you hear occasionally in the United States is "not for all the tea in China!" It means "no incentive would be enough to persuade me to do it."
They are obviously British expressions, which have just made it into U.S. usage without anyone thinking consciously of their literal meaning.