"I hear you" can sometimes mean "I understand the point you are trying to make."
It can mean friendly agreement. I can say "I'm tired of this cold weather." A friend might answer with one of several idiomatic phrases. "You can say that again!" Or, "You speak truth." Or, "I hear you."
In a discussion, it can mean "Stop saying that over and over. I don't agree with you, but I did listen to you."
For example, talking to my supervisor, a conversation might go:
Me: "I need a faster computer."
Boss: "Well, you have a good computer."
Me: "It takes over fifteen minutes to compile the current build."
Boss: "Well, the budget is tight right now."
Me: "But I need it. Need it. Need it."
Boss: "Maybe next quarter."
Me: "But Ann has a brand new computer and she can compile in just five minutes."
Boss: "Well, she had a really old one. She was due for a new one."
Me: "But I need one, too."
Boss: "I hear you."
The boss is reassuring me that he isn't ignoring my concerns. But he doesn't need to have me say any more, that would just be annoying.