No, they do not mean the same thing at all!
"THIS" IS A PRONOUN. PRONOUNS CAN REFER TO THINGS THAT ARE CLOSE BY.
Can I have this?
I can feel how cold this ice cube is.
How do you eat this taco?
This is the one I want.
"THUS" is an Adverb. It means: As a result or consequence; therefore.
In the manner now being indicated or exemplified; in this way.
Synonyms: so - accordingly - therefore - consequently - like this
I need to go to work, thus, I can't stay around a play with you.
I have a headache, thus, I will take some medicine.
We don't use "thus" very often.