Adjective versus present perfect: “Gone” is originally the past participle of “to go,” but in your example, it’s used as an adjective, meaning “not here” — specifically, someone who was here in the past but has left and is now elsewhere. The word “gone” can never be used as a verb after any form of “to be” in modern English. In order to use it as a verb, we say “He has gone” which means that he has left and is no longer here — the meaning is essentially the same; it’s just a different grammatical structure. Present perfect versus simple past: If someone was here, then went somewhere else and came back here, we often use “been” instead of “gone,” as if it were the verb “to go.” For example: “Mary has been to Paris” means that at one time in the past, Mary went to Paris, but she is no longer there (perhaps she has come back home). In spoken English, it’s not uncommon to simply use the simple past instead of “has been.” The present perfect indicates some sort of connection with the present, for example, since Mary has been to Paris, we can ask her for travel advice, or she can show us her photos. If there is no connection to the present, or if we wish to mention, imply, or emphasize the time in the past when the event took place, we use the simple past: Mary went to Paris (last year). She may or may not still be there — we only care about the time of her going to Paris in the past, not what happened later.

From a linguistic point of view, 'gone' is a verb in the sentence, but many grammar books will refer to it as an adjective, and it's more practical to think of it as an adjective, or as a fixed idiomatic structure. It's an archaic sentence structure, and you might see other similar examples, like "he is fallen", "Joy to the world, the Lord is come," There is a difference between 'he has gone' and 'he is gone'. 'He has gone' is like 他离开了. "He is gone" emphasises the fact that he is not here anymore, he's nowhere to be seen, so more like "他不在了" . You can say 'he/she/it/they is/are gone', but we wouldn't normally say 'I am gone' or 'I have gone' though, it sounds illogical because you can't go away from yourself.

gone is the Past Participle of the verb 'to go' ( Chinese "lai" ) it means I'm "absent"

****Maybe my answer is wrong.***** I am gone. In this sentence," is gone" is a predicate verb（谓语（chinese）） and It's mean in chinese is "走了” or "离开了“。So the mean of the sentence "I am gone " is "我走了” or "我离开了".