1. I meant is it fine to say "I'm glad to get acquainted with you" instead of "it's nice to meet you". How will it sound like? Do you say it that way?
This doesn't sound very natural. A native speaker wouldn't say it.
2. Can I use the word "acquaintance" like this, "I barely know Jenny, she's an acquaintance of mine but not a close friend"?
Yes, that is how we use the word 'acquaintance'.
3. Can one say "let's get acquainted" or it's best to say "let's get to know each other", isn't it?
Yes, 'get to know each other' sounds more natural.
4. Also, is it correct to say "we got acquainted at high school and still are good friends"?
This doesn't sound natural. You'd say 'We met..'
5. And the last sentence "I never get acquainted in public places".
This doesn't mean anything, I'm afraid.