No wonder you're confused. It's much simpler than that.
In your examples, "being taken for granted" and "being accused of a crime" are noun-clauses. "Being" works as a gerund, and yes it's the gerund of a passive form in your examples.
The preposition depends on the adjective, and this is something you just have to learn. Tired of, afraid of...
So basically, the pattern is [adjective] [proper preposition] [gerund / noun clause]
Here are some other examples:
She was excited about being chosen for the research team. (You could also use "having been chosen, but that changes the order of events.)
I'm interested in having the opportunity to work with you.
They were furious upon finding out what their friend had done.