Hi, For the sake of understanding the whole context, (sorry if it's too long) i will explain the sentence:
"The transparent walls became again opaque" To be transparent = to be able to see through it. Glass is transparent. Opaque = means something that you can't see through. Transparent and opaque are opposities. They usually are defined by 'how light is reflected', for instance something transparent = light passes through it (you can see) vs. opaque = the light doesn't reflect or pass through (can't see a reflection).
"the old man’s vaticinations mere obsession" = vaticinations = prophecies, to believe something will happen in the future, predictions. mere obsession = 'mere', in this context is referring to something 'insignificant' 'not worthy'. For instance, "he is not a man, but a mere boy". You could read it as 'being nothing more than (something). Morgan is correct too, 'something that goes by quickly/ fleeting"
So, mere obsessions = an "insignificant obsession" = "means nothing" mere = usually a negative meaning.
Obsessed = to be preoccupied, you can't stop thinking about something ("I'm obsessed with her beauty").
"the old man’s vaticinations mere obsession" = (LIT) the old man predictions, (are based on nothing more) his obsession (basically, making predictions is a little hobby).