IMHO, 'for a bit' is for longer than 'for a second'.
They both mean 'for a short amount of time, unspecified', but when you say: 'I'm going away for a bit' - it may mean a few weeks or even months. While 'for a second' means really not longer than a few minutes.
'For a bit' is, imho, like 'for a while'.
I'm curious what other people think.
Jo.