Lesson 58 - Russian Verbs.

Russian Verbs

 

Verb - an independent part of speech which answers the questions what to do? what to do and describes an action, state or relation:

 

to write - писать

to save - экономить

to work - работать

to learn - учиться

to compete - соревноваться

to unite - объединяться

to meet - встречаться.

 

 

Classification of verbs

 

1. By form:

Perfect form

Imperfect form

 

2. By transitivity:

Transient

Intransitive

 

3. By recurrence:

Reflexive

Non-Reflexive

 

4. By type of change:

1 st Conjugation

2 nd Conjugation

Irregularly Conjugated

Specially Conjugated

 

5. By the nature of the acting person:

Personal

Impersonal.

Change of verbs

 

Verbs change on inclinations. There are three of them:

 

Indicative:

Мы смотрим фильм. We are watching the movie.

Пароход пришёл вчера. The ship has come yesterday.

Мы будем писать сочинение. We will write an essay.

 

Conditional (subjunctive):

Я пошёл бы в бассейн, если бы мне предложили. I would go to the pool if it was offered to me.

Знал бы прикуп - жил бы в Сочи. If I knew the widow I would live in Sochi.

 

Imperative:

Семь раз отмерь - один отрежь. Seven times measure - once cut off.

Век живи - век учись. Live and learn.

 

 

In an indicative inclination verbs change on tense. There are three tenses:

 

The present:

Светит месяц, светит ясный. The Moon shines, the clear one shines.

Поёт зима, аукает, мохнатый снег баюкает; Тhe winter sings, hallooing, lulling the shaggy snow.

 

The past:

В тот год осенняя погода стояла долго на дворе, зимы ждала, ждала природа. That year autumn weather stood long on a courtyard, the nature waited, waited for winter.

Снег выпал только в январе на третье в ночь. Snow has dropped out only in January on the third at night.

The future:

Узнаем мы дальние страны, изучим строенье земли, и вырастем мы, капитаны, в моря поведём корабли. We will know the distant countries, we will study a structure of Earth, and we will grow up, we, captains, into the seas we will lead our ships.

 

The initial form of a verb - an infinitive (the uncertain form of a verb):

Гулять (to walk), ходить (to go), стоять (to stay), расти (to grow), нести (to bear), печь (to bake).

 

Also, there are verb forms:

Conjugated (forms of inclinations),

Unconjugable (an infinitive, a participle, a verbal adverb).