You can say AT the bus stop or IN FRONT of the bus stop. I prefer AT the bus stop, as does Google, as it is 10x more popular. You could say 'at the front of the bus stop' but this isn't really common. At the front of usually implies something that is big enough to need you to make it clear where you are standing, like 'at the back of' - 'at the side of'
It's most usually 'IN FRONT OF the building' but 'AT THE FRONT OF' also works. 'I waited in front of the building for an hour.' or 'I waited at the front of the building for an hour'. I prefer 'in front of' because it is slightly easier to say and slightly shorter. That's all.
And if your chair is at THE front of the classroom, then you are in front of the class. It's never usually 'in front of the classroom' because that implies it was outside the classroom.
It's not very clear, I know, because the differences are very slight and there are no real reasons why.