Mi bilingual Peruvian teacher explained it to me like this and it was very helpful:
1. Adonde: To where
2. Donde: where
The first answer given is more detailed then mine. But, for me at least, this simple explanation is enough for me. Adonde means that someone/something is going somewhere, an action is taking place. Donde is something more static, where an action is not taking place and no movements are taking place.