Is The sentence "I think my boss is OVERWORKING IT at the moment" correct?
No, that's not right, sorry.
"work" is the action that is being done - so "over working" would be the problem.
"it" in this case is also work, so your sentence is saying, "over working work" it doesn't say what you want to say.
To, "work something" is to operate something, "work an action pump, to manually pump water" - so you can over work (operate too much) the mechanical pump, but you can't over work or operate your work/job/duties of employment.
So choose from overworking, or over doing it.
I hope that helps.