"Sleep late" usually refers to "sleeping in", i.e. waking up later than usual or normal. However, it can also be used to mean "to go to bed late (at night)".
If you want to make the difference when you speak or write, always use "to go to (bed/sleep) late" as in "I went to sleep late last night" or "I went to bed late last night" when you really mean "going to bed later than usual".
This should do the trick. When other people use the straight phrase "sleep late" without "to go to", you need to rely on the context to figure out the actual meaning.
HTH