part 2: Let's translate the next sentence: may maasahan silang || magulang (na matutuluyan at matatakbuhan) || kung sakali man This one is a little bit trickier. Let's translate the first part. may - "have" maasahan - root word "asa", which means "hope". This word is an adjective that normally means "dependable", but is literally translated as "something you can hope on". We will use the literal translation as it fits the meaning more. silang - contraction of sila "they" na (follows a noun: "that") Translation: "They have something that they can hope on" (I know this translation can be explained better but unfortunately I can't explain it any better) What is the "something" they have? "They have (magulang na matatakbuhan at matutuluyan) that they can hope on." Magulang na - "parents that" matatakbuhan - "something one can run to" at - "and" matutuluyan - "somewhere one can stay at" Therefore: "They have parents to run to and stay with that they can hope on" correcting for some english grammar rules: "They have parents they can hope to run to and stay with" On the 3rd part, "kung sakali man" is an expression, equivalent to "just in case" ("Kung sakali mang ..." is the typical usage) All in all, we have: Also, they don't worry much" about "what their livelihood will be because they have parents they can hope to run to and stay with, just in case" I hope this answer was enough!

Let's divide the sentence first into two clauses, two independent ones. Hindi rin gaanong iniintindi kung ano ang kanilang magiging kabuhayan -pagka't- may maasahan silang magulang na matutuluyan at matatakbuhan kung sakali man. Let's resolve an error in the independent clause so that the message is clearer. Hindi rin [nila] gaanong iniintindi kung ano ang kanilang magiging kabuhayan. Without nila, the verb "iniintindi" does not have a subject to perform the action. (We don't need to include this if another subject has been implied in previous sentences) Intindi, the root word of the verb, can mean understand or worry. In this context, it means worry. Gaanong is an adverb here, which means much. {Hindi} [nila] (gaanong iniintindi) becomes, [they] {don't} (worry much). But worry here is in a transitive context, meaning it requires an object. This is begging the question of "What are they worrying about?" The answer lies in "ano ang kanilang magiging kabuhayan". In the sentence, we have: ano - translates to "what" magiging - literally "going to be" or "will be" or "become" kabuhayan - root "buhay", which means life. In this case, it becomes equivalent to "livelihood" It becomes: "what will be their livelihood?" Notice that I added a question mark. That is the translation of the "ano ang kanilang magiging kabuhayan", but adding kung makes it an included question, and therefore becomes an object: Eliminating the question mark and rephrasing because of some english rules: "-what their livelihood will be." As a whole we have: "Also, they don't worry much" about "what their livelihood will be". This is the translation of the first independent clause. "Pagka't" is a contraction of "sapagkat", which means "because". Since: "Also, they don't worry much about what their livelihood will be because" does not express a complete idea, it becomes a dependent clause.

Good question, Maksim. If we are to follow the English translation, then it would seem that “magkataon” (to happen by chance) should have been the word used. However, this has to do with the difference between using “when” and “if” in English. We use the Tagalog past tense (nagkataon) in this case to mean, “they have a parent to run to WHEN the time comes”, i.e., after whatever is that chance event that could happen, HAS HAPPENED. Therefore, their “running to a parent” is certainly going to happen. On the other hand, if we are to use “magkataon”, it would be like saying, “they have a parent to run to IF the time comes”. The idea of certainty is now reduced to just a possibility. So, it is not really wrong to use “magkataon”, but it weakens the whole idea the sentence is trying to convey.

BTW, “pagkakataon” is its noun and it means “a chance event” or “an opportunity”.

Salamat, Henry! Why "Pag nagkataon" and not "Pag magkataon"? Or maybe it is the same thing?