A house is a building suitable for living in.
My home is the place I live in, and plan to return to if I leave it.
"House" and "home" are very common, ordinary words.
A vacant house with nobody living in it is still a house, but it's not a home. To nomadic people that live in tents, the tent is a home, but it isn't a house.
A household is the group of people who live together, as a functional unit, in a home. It is a slightly technical term. It's used in things like census reports and on tax forms.
"Hearth" is the floor of a fireplace and often extends out to form part of the floor. Before modern heating, if your house was heated by a fireplace, you might sit on the hearth because it was the warmest and most comfortable place to be. It's a rare word now. It's only used if you are actually building a fireplace, or as part of the idiom "hearth and home." It symbolizes the comfort of home.