According to the 1987 constitution, to be able to run for the office of President of the Philippines, a person must be a registered voter, at least forty years of age, able to read and write, a Filipino citizen by birth, and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately before the election. The president is directly elected by plurality vote of qualified voters in an election held on the second Monday of May. Election returns are duly certified by each province or city and transmitted to Congress, which canvasses the votes in joint session. In cases when two or more candidates have an equal number of votes, Congress, voting separately, shall choose one of them by majority vote. In case of disputes, the Supreme Court, sitting en banc, shall be the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of the President.[1]