Technical Spanish weather question
Regarding weather, my Spanish text says use haber to describe phenomenon that can be seen such as Hay nubes hoy. It says use está for resultant states of specific phenomenon such as Está nublado hoy. I think I’m hung up on the term resultant states. Does this mean It’s cloudy today (the resultant state) because there are clouds. Está nublado hoy porque hay nubes. Or do you have a better way to explain when to choose haber rather than estar? ¡Muchísimas gracias!

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Answer

i would say "haber" is more like a description rather than the weather itself for example

"hay nubes hoy" that means there are some clouds in the sky but not as much to say it is a cloudy day
"hay viento hoy" that means there is wind but not as much to say it is a windy day

"está nublado" means that you can not even see the sun because is a cloudy day

Answer

Hi Kim,

Maecelo’s answer is right. 
Just let me give you some tips. 
“Está nublado”: plenty of clouds, you can’t see the sky at all. 
“Está nuboso”: there are clouds but you can see the sky and eventually the sun apears and desapears depending on the amount of clouds. 
“Está despejado”: there are not clouds
Hope it helps

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I'm afraid all suggestions are wrong, make it simpler. Use the verb ser + adj   and haber + noun.

There is no way you could say Esta nubes or hay nublado...got it?
Fácil...

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Your example makes sense. 
I will sugest you to think it in this way as well:
It is something related with a short or long period of time. You are describing something in a temporary situation. 
Está nublado hoy 
because tomorrow it can be sunny. 
Está soleado hoy because yesterday it was rainy.
I hope this will help

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maybe using some logical thinking can help:
hay nubes hoy= why "hay" (there are) because when a I look the sky I see clouds, then there are clouds in the sky.
on the other hand, esta nublado, "nublado" is an adjective for the sky. (el cielo) esta nublado, (el cielo) is the implicit noun. I hope this helps.