In English, we have a few, though not as many as Spanish. I think most or all of them have Spanish cognates. Alcohol, coffee, albatross, alfalfa, almanac, caravan, chess (ajedrez) and rook and checkmate, cotton (algodón), magazine, sherbet and sorbet, orange and lemon and tangerine.
And of course the names of most stars are Arabic. Aldebaran, Alioth, Algol, Deneb, Fomalhaut, Mizar, Rigel, Spica, Vega.