beer: 啤酒 alcoholic drinks: 酒精饮料 wine: 葡萄酒 (wine is the general term for red wine (红葡萄酒) and white wine (白葡萄酒). When we refer to red wine (红葡萄酒), we usually say 红酒, omitting the two words of 葡萄. However, you cannot omit the two words when you refer to white wine (白葡萄酒), because 白酒 is completely another type of alcoholic drink. It is a traditional Chinese alcohol. ) For the second question, it is true that any kind of alcoholic drinks can be ended by "酒", such as 啤酒(beer)，红酒(red wine)，米酒(rice wine), but some alcoholic drinks that come from other countries, we translate them based on the pronunciation, for example 威士忌（Whisky）, 白兰地（Brandy）, 伏特加（Vodka）, etc.

1. In the ancient circumstances of China, 酒 generally refers to Chinese distilled spirit, e.g. 1、借酒浇愁愁更愁。 2、酒入愁肠，化作相思泪。 3、劝君更尽一杯酒。 2. Sometimes 酒 refers to wine in the ancient circumstances, which might have been brought into China since the Han Dynasty（汉朝）. e.g. 葡萄美酒夜光杯。 3. In modern China, 酒 refer to different kinds of alcoholic drink, which may be distilled spirit(白酒),millet wine（黄酒） wine（葡萄酒or红酒）, brandy（白兰地）, beer（啤酒）, whisky（威士忌）, vodka（伏特加）, cocktail（鸡尾酒）, sake（日本清酒）, and so on.

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beer 啤酒, wine红葡萄酒（白葡萄酒）, and alcoholic drinks酒精饮料