Rachel's answer is good. If someone gives you "notice," it means they tell you that something is going to happen. If I know that we will need to leave in one hour, I can give you an hour's notice that we will need to leave. Then you'll know that you need to be ready to leave in an hour. If I give my boss two weeks' notice that I am going to quit the job, then my boss has two weeks to find someone to replace me.
"A moment's notice" means you will only be told about the event a moment before it happens. You will not have any time to prepare.
Rachel gave some good example sentences. If you need to be ready "at a moment's notice," it means you need to get ready for the event in advance. If the event happens, it will happen suddenly, and there will be no time left to prepare. You will need to be prepared already.