I'm sorry to ask this again because i want to know the proper way of using these:
2.What is the difference between using these particles of verbs in Japanese and using the plain form of verbs?
e.g.1
'kau to katte/'tte
'dasu to dashite/shite
etc......
e.g.2
To o shimete kudasai.
(Why is it,shimete is used instead of shimeru?)
3.What is the difference between using the particle ''mashita'' and ''ta'' to indicate past tense of verbs?
e.g.
Oreru to oreta/ 'ta
wakarimashita/mashita(sometimes I notice it as 'wakatta'.)
Arigatou gozaimasu^_^
atta(あった)... past form of copula "aru(ある)".
"Soko ni wa kouen ga atta."
"There(soko ni wa) used to be(atta) a park(kouen)."
It is often used with "... de(で)", so "... de-atta(であった)" means "was."
"Watashi wa oroka de-atta."
"I(watashi) was(wa ... de-atta) fool(oroka)."
* do not confuse, another single word "deatta(であった/出会った)" means "met".
It is the past form of "deau(であう/出会う)".
"Kare wa sann-nenn-mae, kanojo ni deatta."
"He(kare) met(ni deatta) her(kanojo) three(sann) years(nenn) ago(mae)."
Sorry I must leave now, rest questions shall be answered later.
I use Roman alphabet.
1.
sugiru : (すぎる/過ぎる)… it's originally a verb, SUGIRU, but in the same form it can be used as adverb , meaning "too ...".
"Sono mondai wa watashi ni wa mutsukashi sugiru."
"The(sono) problem(mondai) is(wa) too(sugiru) difficult(mutsukashi) for(ni) me(watashi)."
nagara: (ながら/乍ら)... it means "... during/while ..." or "but".
Verb[Rennyou-form] + nagara : "Shukudai shi-nagara TV wo miru."
"I watch(miru) TV do(shi-)ing(nagara) homeworks(shukudai)."
with "shikashi(しかし/然し)", "shikashi-nagara(しかしながら)", the "nagara" part only emphasis the "shikashi".
"Sore wa naruhodo sou da, shikashi-nagara, genjitsu wa sou wa ikanai."
"Indeed it is, but(shikashi-nagara) we cannot do in practice."
