There are a couple of ways to simply say "I like ~."
~이/가 좋다 or ~을/를 좋아하다 are the base structures you would use. 좋다 requires a subject as it literally means "~ is preferable/good" so you add the subject markers to the thing that you like: -이 for words ending in consonants, -가 for works ending in vowels. 좋아하다 requires an object as it is saying "I prefer ~," so you use the -을 object marker for words that end in consonants or -를 for words that end in vowels.
For example, 음악을 좋아해요 - I like music, 음악이 좋아요. - I like music. (Music is good.)
You can also turn verbs into nouns for use with this structure by adding -는 것 or -기 to the verb stem. With -기, the subject and object markers generally aren't used and you can use this structure with both 좋다 and 좋아하다, but -는 것 still requires you to use a subject or object marker depending on which verb you use to say "I like."
For example, 달리는 걸 (것 + 을 becomes 걸) 좋아해요 - I like running. 노래하는 게 (것 + 이 becomes 게) 좋아요 - I like singing. (Singing is good.) 음악을 듣기 좋아요/좋아해요. - I like listening to music.