The meanings are a bit different:
本はどれですか? Would mean "Which one is the book?" どれ means "which one" and is used to refer back to a previously mentioned object.
どの本ですか? Would mean "Which book?" どの is always placed before a noun and can therefore not stand alone.
To remember the difference between どれ and どの, remember that the particle の, when used on its own, is also connected to nouns.
I hope this helps. If you have further questions. Please let me know.