一、where is the verb in “我明天早上的飞机”
About this question ,firs of all , not all the sentences have verb. Most Mandarin sentences structure are subject-predicate sentence, usually verb and adjective will be used as predicate . For example : 我坐明早的飞机、今天太热了 “坐”and“热”are predicate .
But there are some special situation, like this sentence “我明天早上的飞机”, we can't see where the subject and predicate are ,but this sentence still makes sense. We call those sentences "非主谓句Non-subject-predicate sentence". 非主谓句made by a single word or a phrase (not subject-predicate structure ),like “我明天早上的飞机”, "我"and “明天早上的飞机” are none ,so this is a 名词性非主谓句nominal non-subject-predicate sentence. Some examples of 名词性非主谓句nominal non-subject-predicate sentence: 好乖的孩子、楼下的邻居、隔壁村的
If you want to change this sentence into subject-predicate sentence, you can say “我坐明天早上的飞机”、“我的飞机在明天早上”
二、the difference between " 很多时间“ and ”the difference is between " 很多时间“ and ”太长时间“.“.
很多时间is “lots of time time”:我有很多时间(I have lots of time)、这件事花了我很多时间(It took me lots of time)
太长时间 is “for too long”:我睡了太长时间了(I slept for too long 、这件事花了我太长时间(It took me a long time)