At what age do we become "old?"

This is a question a team of European researchers has been asking.

The age at which people think old age begins has moved in time, according to a new study.

Many people also like to believe they haven't yet reached old age, even as they get older.

The research team looked at data from the German Ageing Survey, which included more than 14,000 participants.

The participants were born between 1911 and 1974, and answered survey questions over a 25-year period between 1996 and 2021.

They were aged between 40 and 85 when they began answering the questions, and more participants joined the survey in time.

People were asked a lot of questions, including: "At what age would you describe someone as old?"

The researchers found that when people born in 1911 got to the age of 65, they thought old age began at 71.

But when those who were born in 1956 got to 65, they thought old age began at 74, on average.

However, the study also found that people's perceptions of old age changed as they got older.

At the age of 64, the average participant said old age began at about 75. But at the age of 74, the average participant said old age began at about 76.

Study author Markus Wettstein said he wasn't sure if this meant people had a positive or negative view of old age.

Better health care and increased life expectancy in recent years may also have affected people's perceptions, he said.

Practice Listening, Reading & Comprehension

When Does 'Old Age' Begin? People Can't Decide

Travelers often fly to New York or Paris just for the shopping experience, but according to a new report, it's Milan that should be called the capital of global shopping.

A real estate company has found that Via Monte Napoleone in Milan is the world's most expensive retail destination.

US firm Cushman & Wakefield ranked shopping areas based on the rent prices per square meter, and Milan has knocked New York's Fifth Avenue off the top of the list.

The average rent on the Milan street has risen to more than $20,800 per square meter compared with about $20,300 per square meter on an 11-block area of upper Fifth Avenue.

Via Monte Napoleone's small size — it's just 350 meters long — and walking distance to services and top cultural sites are among the street's key advantages, according to Guglielmo Miani, president of the Monte Napoleone District association.

"Not everything can fit, which is a benefit" since the limited space makes the street even more exclusive, said Miani.

The biggest brands on the street make more than $100 million in annual sales, Miani said, which goes a long way to paying the rent. Tiffany is preparing to open a store on Via Monte Napoleone, and luxury fashion store Fendi is expanding.

The Monte Napoleone District says 11 million people visited the area during the first 11 months of the year, but there's no way to say how many were big spenders and how many were just window shopping.

But according to shopping firm Global Blue, the average shopper on Via Monte Napoleone spent $2,600 per purchase between August and November — the highest average receipt in the world.

Officials from Fifth Avenue praised Milan for its efforts in making the street — and the city — a desirable place to shop.

But they added that the Italian city should enjoy its position at the top of the list while it can!

Milan Shopping Street Named World's Most Exclusive

Do you believe people are born with a certain amount of ability and intelligence? Or do you think these things can be changed through effort and education?

Your answers to these questions may decide how well you chase your own goals in life!

Researchers in Norway looked at over 1,500 people aged 13 to 77.

Participants filled out a survey asking them questions about how much they think people's abilities and intelligence can grow with effort and education.

They also filled out two more surveys: one asking how passionate they are about the things they are interested in, and one asking how persistent — and consistent — they are in chasing their goals.

For example, they were asked how much they agree with statements such as, "I use a lot of time on the projects I like," for passion, and "I finish whatever I begin," for persistence.

The researchers then looked at the people who got the 5% highest and lowest scores for belief in people's ability to grow.

It was found that those with the greatest belief in growth also had significantly higher scores in passion and persistence.

Interestingly, although 60% of all the study participants were women, in the group with the lowest belief in growth almost 60% were men.

"The belief in growth is important for large parts of our society," said Hermundur Sigmundsson, one of the study's authors. "This is true for school, sports, work and family life."

The authors also pointed to other studies that have found that it's possible to help people believe in personal growth — particularly as children — and that this can result in greater persistence.

Looking at their own results, the researchers said it can be argued that belief in your ability to grow may be important for both passion and persistence.

However, they also noted that it could also be that passion, perseverance and belief in growth all support each other.

Want to Succeed? Believe You Can Grow!

Different students learn better in different ways, and it's important to find a way to study that works best for you. Here are some things that you can try to help you study better.

Make a plan
Decide when, where and for how long you are going to study. If you decide what you need to get done every time you study, then it will be easier to achieve your goals. Also, if you do smaller amounts of work regularly, you won't have the stress of needing to cram everything just before an important exam.

Test yourself on what you've learned
After you read something, you should test yourself on it. And instead of just doing it once, do it often. Try to test yourself days and weeks after you first learn something to make sure you really remember it. You can also work with a friend to test each other.

Take a break
Research has shown that taking breaks can help you work or study better. A study by the company DeskTime found that the most productive people work for about 52 minutes at a time, then take a 17-minute break in between. So when making your study plan, don't forget to include breaks in it.

Stay healthy
Getting exercise and sleeping well can actually help you study. Research has found that regular exercise can improve both memory and thinking skills, while sleeping helps the brain save new information.

Easy Ways to Study More Effectively

From Two Sales to Bestseller: UK Author Goes Viral
When English author Vicky Ball sold two of her books at an event in December, she was delighted.

She shared the news on X, and said she was pleased because at some previous events she had not sold any books at all.

But she's now sold many more copies than that, after her post went viral and was seen millions of times by people around the world.

Her first novel, called Powerless, quickly climbed up Amazon's bestseller lists in the teen and young adult categories.

Ball, who is 48, told The Guardian that it was "amazing" to hear from people around the world who had bought her books.

Her second novel — Abandoned — has also been doing well on Amazon, and has gotten good reviews from customers.

Like so many authors, Ball had to fit in her writing around her work and family life.

She wrote her first book during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. She was working as a teacher at that time, so she spent weekends writing with her laptop on her knees.

Now Ball works at a university, and she's also studying writing in her free time.

She also said she's gotten lots of support from other writers on social media.

Asked by The Guardian if she had advice for other authors she said: "Just write!"

She said she begins writing before she has planned all of her story. "It's like a journey," she said. "You never know where it's going to go."

From Two Sales to Bestseller: UK Author Goes Viral

Pizza is one of the world's most popular fast foods. It's believed that over 5 billion pizzas are sold around the world every year. In the US alone, people buy about 3 billion pizzas each year, which is about 46 slices per person!

But it wasn't always as popular as it is today — in fact, it used to be looked down on, even by Italians!

The modern pizza we know today started in Naples, Italy, in the 18th century. Poor people in the city needed cheap food that was easy to eat as they looked for work. Street vendors sold them pizzas with simple toppings like garlic and tomatoes.

For a long time, pizza was looked down on as food for the poor, and visitors to Naples thought it was dirty and unappealing.

But this changed in 1889, when Queen Margherita of Italy tried pizza and loved it. The pizza with tomatoes, mozzarella and basil was named after her, and pizza started to become a national dish in Italy.

Pizza became a favorite in the US after Italian immigrants brought it with them. It became especially popular in cities like New York, and new styles like Chicago deep dish and Hawaiian were invented.

And it became even more popular with the invention of frozen pizza, which let people make their own pizzas at home.

Today, pizza is enjoyed around the world, with many different toppings and styles. But its basic form hasn't changed very much from all those years ago.

