I have checked some other texts of Oliver Twist, and they seem to use the conventional spelling of the word 'parochial'. Dickens did like to spell words the way (he thought) certain characters would pronounce them, but in this case it may well be a typo for 'parochial'.
As for the meaning, it's to do with administrative boundaries of a city. A person who is 'parochial' lives within a certain parish (administrative district) of a town or city, and a person who is 'extra-parochial' is from outside it. In other words, he means a local person or an outsider.
This difference is significant, because Mr Bumble is the beadle of the parish, and he has responsibility for local charitable institutions such as the workhouse where Oliver Twist lives. Bumble would have some authority over parochial person, but not over an extra-parochial one.
By the way, this is where the modern and international meaning of narrow-minded, which Sophia mentions, comes from. However, that is not what the word means in this context. The meaning is the original one, as explained above.