No, it means "at any point in time", or "anytime you ask the question of how many people are on a diet".
By way of example, imagine there are four people, called A, B, C and D.
On Monday, A,B and C are on a diet.
On Tuesday, A,B and D are on a diet.
On Wednesday, B,C and D are on a diet.
On Thursday, A, C and D are on a diet.
So each day, different people are on a diet. It is not the same 3 people on a diet all the time. But at whichever point in time you ask the question: "how many people are on a diet?", you always get the answer: 3 out of 4.